| antebellum |
in or of the period prior to a war, especially the American Civil War. |
| atonement |
the act of making reparation for a sin, crime, error, or the like. |
| extirpate |
to get rid of completely, as if by pulling up the roots; root out. |
| flange |
a collar or rim that projects from a pipe, housing, or the like to provide strength, stability, or a place for attaching other parts. |
| glut |
a greater supply or amount than is needed. |
| impromptu |
without advance plan or preparation; spontaneously. |
| incursion |
a raid or sudden invasion. |
| kismet |
destiny, fortune, or fate. |
| lugubrious |
sad or mournful, especially in an exaggerated way; gloomy. |
| lupine2 |
fierce; greedy. |
| parvenu |
a person who has suddenly acquired wealth or status, without acquiring the tastes, manners, customs, or the like of his or her new station. |
| preferment |
the act of promoting or being promoted to a higher position or office. |
| pungency |
sharpness or bite in taste or smell. |
| revetment |
a facing of stone, masonry, or the like to support or protect a wall, embankment, or mound of earth. |
| symbiosis |
a close association, usually a mutually beneficial relationship, between two dissimilar organisms. |