| chastise |
to punish, often corporally. |
| dub1 |
to name or call. |
| execrable |
of very poor quality; extremely inferior. |
| experimentation |
the act, process, or practice of running tests or trials. |
| extant |
still in existence; current; not extinct, destroyed, or lost. |
| incise |
to cut into the surface of. |
| mandatory |
ordered; required; obligatory. |
| metabolism |
the processes in plants and animals by which food is changed into energy or used to make cells and tissues. |
| noxious |
harmful, dangerous, or destructive, especially to health. |
| progenitor |
an ancestor or forebear. |
| prowess |
great skill or talent; superior ability. |
| rabid |
extreme in opinion or action; fanatical. |
| supersede |
to take over the position or influence of; replace. |
| unyielding |
hard; firm; resistant to pressure or force. |
| veneer |
a superficial outward appearance or show. |