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Buddhism a religion from Asia, founded in the sixth century B.C. by Buddha. Buddhism teaches freedom from the self and from one's wants.
century A century is a certain period of time. One century is equal to one hundred years.
conquistador one of the Spanish conquerors of the Americas in the sixteenth century.
czar Rulers of Russia from the 16th century to the early 20th century were called "czars." A czar was like a king and had very strong power over the people and the government. The word "czar" is sometimes spelled "tsar."
Great Wall of China a defensive wall in northern China which stretches for thousands of miles. Parts of the wall were built as early as the seventh century BCE. These parts were connected to each other and more parts were added on later, especially in the fourteenth through seventeenth centuries CE. Millions of tourists come to see and walk on the Great Wall every year.
Homer a Greek poet who is thought to have lived around the eighth century B.C.
Inca a member of one of the Indian peoples that ruled Peru before being conquered by Spain in the sixteenth century.
plague When people talk about "the plague," they are usually talking about the terrible spreading of the disease of plague during the fourteenth century in Europe and Asia. The plague is sometimes called the "Black Death." [1/3 definitions]
Protestant A Protestant is a type of Christian believer. Protestants do not belong to the Catholic Church, and they do not look on the Pope as their religious leader, as Catholics do. Protestants split from Catholics in the 16th century. Before that, these Christians were Catholics too. The religious belief of Protestants is somewhat different from that of Catholics and their religious service is simpler. Protestants often use the word "minister" or "pastor" to describe the person who leads their religious service on Sundays. Catholics always call this person their "priest."
ragtime a form of music developed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century in America. Ragtime was a popular kind of music with a bouncy rhythm, usually written for the piano.
Saint Nicholas a Greek priest of the fourth century and Christian saint famous for his giving of small gifts and from whose legend was based the cultural figure of Santa Claus associated with the Christmas holiday (b. 270 A.D.?--d. 343 A.D.). [1/2 definitions]
steamboat A steamboat is a boat that runs on the power of steam. Steam is a gas that is created when water becomes very hot. Steam has the power to make things move. On a steamboat, steam from a boiler makes either a large wheel or propellers turn around and around in the water. Paddles attached to the large wheel push the water away and make the boat move forward. Blades of the propellers do the same thing. Steamboats were common in the nineteenth century, but there are few steamboats now. Boats use different types of power nowadays.
steamship A steamship is a large boat that is powered by steam. Steam is a gas that is formed when water gets very hot. Steam has the power to make things move. Steamships were built to be strong, and they had enough power to cross oceans. Steamships are not used much anymore because modern ships use a different type of power. Steamships were used mainly in the nineteenth century.
tsar "Tsar" is another way of spelling the word "czar." A czar was one of the powerful rulers of Russia from the 16th century to the early 20th century. Czars were like kings.
turn The turn of a century is the point in time when one century ends and another one begins. The turn of the 21st century occurred on January 1, 2001. [1/12 definitions]
western in, to, from, or having to do with the west. [2 definitions]
Yugoslavia formerly, a country in southeastern Europe located south of Austria and Hungary. Yugoslavia existed as a country from 1918 until it began to break up toward the end of the twentieth century. Eventually, it split up into the independent countries of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, and Serbia. Belgrade, which is now the capital of Serbia, was the capital of Yugoslavia.